| 1. What is DBMS? |
| Answer: DBMS stands for Database Management System. – It allows users to create, update, and manage databases. – DBMS provides a secure environment for data, reducing redundancy and inconsistency. – Examples include MySQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and Amazon Simple DB. – Key benefits: easier data management, improved data organization, and enhanced security. |
| 2. What is a Database? |
| Answer: A database is a structured collection of data stored in files or tables. – It enables efficient data access, management, and updates. – Consists of objects like tables, records, and fields. – Fields contain specific data attributes of entities. – DBMS is used to retrieve and manipulate data from the database using queries. |
| 3. What is a Database System? |
| Answer: A database system includes both the database and the DBMS software. – It ensures data storage, retrieval, and access with minimal redundancy and inconsistency. – Facilitates data storage and manipulation with high accuracy and security. |
| 4. What are the Advantages of DBMS? |
| Answer: Redundancy Control: Minimizes data duplication. Access Restriction: Prevents unauthorized data access. User Interfaces: Provides multiple ways to interact with the database. Backup & Recovery: Ensures data safety and restoration. Integrity Constraints: Maintains data accuracy and validity. Data Consistency: Ensures data uniformity across the database. Easy Accessibility: Facilitates quick and easy data access. Data Extraction: Simplifies data retrieval and processing using queries. |
| 5. What is Transparent DBMS? |
| Answer: – Transparent DBMS hides the physical storage details from users. – Users interact with data without needing to know how it is stored on disk. – The physical storage structure is managed internally by the DBMS. |
| 6. What is RDBMS? |
| Answer: RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System. – Manages data in tables, with relationships between different data pieces. – Allows operations like insert, update, delete, and administration with minimal difficulty. – Often uses SQL (Structured Query Language) for data manipulation. |
| 7. How Many Types of Database Languages are there? |
| Answer: Data Definition Language (DDL): Commands like CREATE, ALTER, DROP, and RENAME for defining and modifying database structures. Data Manipulation Language (DML): Commands like SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE for data manipulation. Data Control Language (DCL): Commands like GRANT, REVOKE for managing user access to the database. Transaction Control Language (TCL): Commands like COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINT for managing database transactions. |
| 8. What Do You Understand by Data Model? |
| Answer: – A data model is a set of conceptual tools for representing data relationships, semantics, and constraints. – It defines how data is structured and related within the database. – Common data models include Hierarchical, Network, Relational, and Entity-Relationship models. |
| 9. Define a Relation Schema and a Relation. |
| Answer: Relation Schema: A blueprint that defines the structure of a table, including its attributes and constraints, but without data. Relation: A set of tuples (rows) representing related data attributes in a table, with a key attribute to identify them. |
| 10) What are the Disadvantages of File Processing Systems? |
| Answer: – Inconsistent Data: Lack of uniformity in data storage and retrieval. – Security Risks: Less secure compared to DBMS. – Data Redundancy: Duplication of data across files. – Difficulty in Access: Complicated data retrieval processes. – Data Isolation: Difficulty in combining data from different files. – Data Integrity Issues: Challenges in maintaining data accuracy. – Limited Data Sharing: Restricted ability to share data among applications. – Atomicity Problems: Difficulty in ensuring complete transactions, leading to partial data updates. |